WIREs Energy and Environment
Electrical Power Grids of the Future

Electrical Power Grids of the Future

A comprehensive study of current dynamics, control and automation challenges of electrical power systems in response to the integration of distributed renewable energy resources is presented.

Technoeconomic Assessment of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Oil from Lignin

Technoeconomic Assessment of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Oil from Lignin

Lignin is a by-product of the Kraft pulping process and is typically burned for energy within the pulp and paper mill plant. Due to energy efficiency measures in Kraft pulp mills, its availability has recently greatly increased. This surplus lignin provides a readily available feedstock for conversion into a phenolic-rich bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL).